{"id":17287,"date":"2020-10-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-02T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/kmb_resource\/tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-les-communautes-praticiennes\/"},"modified":"2023-06-02T15:34:18","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T19:34:18","slug":"tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-les-communautes-praticiennes","status":"publish","type":"kmb_resource","link":"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/resources\/tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-les-communautes-praticiennes\/","title":{"rendered":"Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur les communaut\u00e9s praticiennes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\nis a Community of Practice?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Community of Practice (CoP) is a\ngroup of people who share a common interest, or have a set of related goals,\nand come together to learn, share information, and reach their individual and\ngroup objectives. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result of an effective CoP is\nthe creation of new knowledge that advances an area of professional practice,\nas well as the development of a close community whose members frequently\ninteract. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A CoP can take place in person, with\nface-to-face meetings, but in recent years (and especially in light of recent\nevents surrounding COVID-19) they are more likely to take place online, as a\nweb-based, collaborative activity. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The phrase \u201cCommunity of Practice\u201d\nwas first used by Etienne Wenger, an educational theorist, and Jean Lave, a\ncognitive anthropologist, in their 1991 book, <em>Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation<\/em>. They\ndefined a CoP as a group of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a\npassion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this\narea by interacting on an ongoing basis. A CoP provides a way for newcomers to\nlearn from old-timers, and for existing and developing experience to be shared\namongst everyone who has an interest in building personal and global knowledge\nbases.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ricyorkstage.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/What-is-a-CoP-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-924\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many other researchers have written about CoPs in the\nthirty years since Wenger and Lave first named the concept, but their\ndefinitions have all remained fairly similar. For researchers Kimble, Hildreth,\nand Wright (2000), a CoP is a group of people who share a concern or a passion\nfor something they do, or who learn how to do it better as they interact regularly;\nBrown (2003) views it as a group of people with different functions and\nviewpoints, committed to joint work over a significant period of time, during\nwhich they solve problems, learn, and develop a way of reading mutually; and Hernaez\nand Campos (2011) focus on how a CoP is an important mechanism through which\nindividual, organizational, and social knowledge is held, transferred, and created.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can narrow down these definitions\nto a few key elements, which Wenger highlights in his 2010 article, \u201cCommunities\nof Practice and Social Learning Systems: The Career of a Concept\u201d:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) <strong>THE DOMAIN:<\/strong>\nmembers are brought together by a learning need they share; <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) <strong>THE COMMUNITY<\/strong>: their collective learning\nbecomes a bond over time; and<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3) <strong>THE PRACTICE:<\/strong>\ntheir interactions produce resources that affect their practice (whether they\nengage in actual practice together or separately).<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ricyorkstage.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Domain-Community-and-Practice-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-915\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, despite these foundational\nsimilarities, it\u2019s important to remember that CoPs can be quite different from\none another. Some are fairly small, while others can be very large, often with\na core group and many peripheral members. Some are local and some international;\nsome meet mainly face-to-face while others solely exist online. Some are within\nan organization and are meant to unite co-workers; others are open to various\norganizations, with their main goal to create relationships between those who\nwould otherwise be separated by geographical distance. Some are formally\nrecognized, and have large budgets and dedicated support, while others may rely\nsolely on volunteer contributions. CoPs can help businesses, or be used by government,\nor serve as an educational tool, and much more. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the Key Benefits of CoP<strong>s?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many practitioners suggest that the\nkey benefit of a CoP is how it connects people to share experiences, knowledge,\nand content in order to solve significant problems. Others view the CoP\u2019s\ngreatest contribution to be networking: they are frequently considered one of\nthe best tools for professional interactions, allowing individuals who would\notherwise never meet the opportunity to grow their professional networks.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Allee (2000) provides a useful list\nof a CoP\u2019s potential benefits: <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Helps\ndevelop a common language, methods, and models around specific competencies;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extends\nknowledge and know-how to diverse people;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Helps\nretain knowledge when there are workers leaving the company;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases\naccess to knowledge throughout the company;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Provides\nthe significance of sharing power and influence with the organization&rsquo;s formal\npart;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Helps\npeople carry out their work;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Provide\na stable sense of community with other people in the organization and with the\ncompany;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promote\na sense of identity based on learning;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Helps\ndevelop individual abilities and competencies;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Provides\npeople with personal challenges and opportunities. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ricyorkstage.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Benefits-of-a-CoP-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-917\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A CoP has been described as a \u201cvirtual water cooler.\u201d\nThey are a place where you can find out who is doing what, and talk to them.\nThey add perspective and build expertise, and when they are virtual, they are\nnot constrained by time and space. Community members can develop common sets of\ncodes and language by working together, generating an environment marked by\ntrust and mutual respect and reciprocity.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Can I Start a CoP?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hower et al. (2014) divide their\nadvice for starting a CoP into 4 key categories:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. <strong>MARKETING<\/strong>:\nDevelop a plan to socialize communities across the organization. Be creative.\nConsider integrating marketing materials into existing training programs and\nmaking use of existing company publications\/distribution channels to reach the\nwidest possible audience;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. <strong>SUPPORT<\/strong>:\nmany communities fail simply because of poor support. Your project plan must\nensure that quality governance, infrastructure, and facilitation are available\nto enable knowledge transfer and to encourage growth. Build in quality support\nto guide organizational outcomes and speed the process of creating\norganizational value.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3<strong>. INTEGRATION<\/strong>:\nspotlight several processes during community development that demonstrate how\nthe community can benefit members and the organization&rsquo;s bottom line. Make it\neasy for users to embed the community into their own processes to improve\neffectiveness.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. <strong>LEADERSHIP<\/strong>:\ninclude education for supervisors and executives so they understand the role of\ncommunities in the learning organization and don&rsquo;t create obstacles to\nprogress.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most researchers stress that\ndialogue is key: it is what distinguishes communities of practice from other\nonline forums and social media, bringing and binding a community together. When\ncultivated in a well-designed, interactive environment\u2014in-person, virtual, or\nboth\u2014this dialogue improves the ways in which we think and learn.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to using technology to\nhost a CoP, Hoadley (2012) suggests there are four areas on which to focus: <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) linking people with similar\npractices;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) providing a shared repository of\ninformation;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) providing discussion tools; and<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) providing awareness of the\ncommunity in various resources. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CoPs can face certain challenges,\nincluding when it comes to knowing why, how, and when to utilize CoPs.\nOrganizers must be careful to avoid isolating newcomers, becoming stagnant, or\nallowing its structure to somehow hamper knowledge sharing. Despite some\nobstacles that must be overcome, the benefits of a CoP are invaluable and\nresearchers emphasize the positive outcomes of such a group.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Allee, Verna. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.465.3908&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\">Knowledge Network and Communities of\nPractice<\/a>,\u201d in <em>OD Practitioner<\/em>, Fall\/Winter 2000.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoadley, Christopher. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/research.steinhardt.nyu.edu\/scmsAdmin\/uploads\/006\/677\/CHAP12HOADLEY.pdf\">What is a Community of Practice and How Can We Support It?<\/a>\u201d in <em>Theoretical Foundations of Learning Environments<\/em>, edited by David Jonassen and Susan Land. Routledge, 2012, pp. 287-300. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hern\u00e1ez, Olga Rivera and Eduardo Bueno Campos. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/book\/handbook-research-communities-practice-organizational\/45957\"><em>Handbook of Research on Communities of Practice for Organizational Management and Networking: Methodologies for Competitive Advantage<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>IGI Global, 2011.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hower, Mike, Michael Prevou, and Mitchell Levy. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkaha.com\/books\/successful-corporate-learning-tweet-book07\/\"><em>#Successful Corporate Learning tweet Book07: Everything You Need to Know About Communities of Practice<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em> Happy About, 2014.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kimble, Chris, Paul Hildreth, and\nPeter C. Wright. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/2439706_Communities_of_Practice_Going_Virtual\">Communities of Practice: Going Virtual<\/a>,\u201d 2000.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wenger, Etienne. \u201cCommunities of Practice and Social Learning Systems: The Career of a Concept,\u201d in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9781849961325\"><em>Social Learning Systems and Communities of Practice<\/em><\/a>, edited by C. Blackmore. Springer, 2010.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wenger, Etienne and Jean Lave. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Situated_Learning.html?id=CAVIOrW3vYAC&amp;redir_esc=y\"><em>Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>Cambridge UP,<em> <\/em>1991. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","resource_type":[2323],"resource_topic":[2425],"resource_media":[2397],"class_list":["post-17287","kmb_resource","type-kmb_resource","status-publish","hentry","resource_type-resumes-de-recherche","resource_topic-engagement","resource_media-article-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur les communaut\u00e9s praticiennes - Research Impact Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/resources\/tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-les-communautes-praticiennes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur les communaut\u00e9s praticiennes - Research Impact Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is a Community of Practice? 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