{"id":12081,"date":"2016-02-26T09:25:32","date_gmt":"2016-02-26T14:25:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/researchimpact.ydsinc.ca\/whos-got-the-power-a-critical-consideration-of-citizen-participation-in-research\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T16:59:22","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T21:59:22","slug":"whos-got-the-power-a-critical-consideration-of-citizen-participation-in-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/archive\/whos-got-the-power-a-critical-consideration-of-citizen-participation-in-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Who\u2019s Got the Power? A Critical Consideration of Citizen Participation in Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>This week&rsquo;s guest post comes from the KT Core-ner, NeuroDevNet&rsquo;s KT Blog. It was first published on <a href=\"https:\/\/neurodevnet.wordpress.com\/2016\/02\/19\/whos-got-the-power-a-critical-consideration-of-citizen-participation-in-research\/\">February 19, 2016<\/a> and is reposted here with permission.\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\nBy: Anneliese Poetz, KT Manager, NeuroDevNet<br \/>\nIt is common for KT activities to be limited to dissemination of KT products such as research summaries, infographics or research reports\/articles. Sometimes these products are created without consulting the stakeholders who represent the intended target audience, and what is typically measured and reported on is the numbers of these products distributed.\u00a0 Dissemination is necessary, but usually not sufficient, to create impacts from research.<br \/>\nThe <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca\/e\/45321.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>two main approaches to Knowledge Translation are end-of-grant (dissemination) and integrated Knowledge Translation (stakeholder engagement\/consultation)<\/u><\/a>. The evidence on successful KT has demonstrated that iKT approaches are more successful at creating impact. When I think about iKT I am reminded of the topic of my PhD dissertation which focused on a process analysis of a stakeholder consultation approach for informing government decision-making.\u00a0 One of the frameworks I cited in my literature review was Arnstein\u2019s (1969) ladder of citizen participation in community decision-making within the context of the \u2018broader power structures in society\u2019.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lithgow-schmidt.dk\/sherry-arnstein\/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Arnstein\u2019s (1969) ladder of citizen participation<\/u><\/a> ranges from one extreme to the other, at one end citizens have all the power and at the other end they have no power at all.\u00a0 Citizen power is sub-divided into \u201ccitizen control, delegated power, and partnership\u201d (citizens have all\/greater power) while tokenism is represented as \u201cplacation, consultation, informing\u201d and non-participation in community decision-making is referred to as \u201ctherapy and manipulation\u201d (non-participation, no power).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Arnsteins-ladder-of-citizen-participation.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8396\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Arnsteins-ladder-of-citizen-participation.png\" alt=\"Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation\" width=\"296\" height=\"335\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nAn iKT approach is important for maximizing the uptake and implementation of research, toward impact. Recently, I found myself wondering how Arnstein\u2019s ladder of citizen participation could map onto a research decision-making context.\u00a0 For example, when a researcher takes an iKT approach to their work, they inform their research questions, methodology, KT products (type, key messages, delivery method, etc), workshops and other activities (toward moving their research findings into uptake and implementation) by using information about their stakeholders\u2019 needs as a result of careful observation (of stakeholders as well as the current state of society, industry, government etc.) and listening to stakeholders.\u00a0 However, as the subject matter and research process expert, the Principal Investigator\/researcher (has to) use discretion in terms of how, where, and why stakeholder input contributes to the overall design and execution of their research (assuming stakeholders are non-researchers). \u00a0In this way, it is unrealistic to expect that citizens\/stakeholders should be given complete control.\u00a0 Even if stakeholders are researchers themselves, the Principal Investigator (PI) of the project has obligations (for example) to the funder of their research to reasonably deliver what was promised in their initial grant proposal.\u00a0 In this way, the PI can be viewed as having more power than their stakeholders in terms of the research process.<br \/>\nHowever, in order for planned KT activities to result in successful uptake, implementation and impact of research, stakeholders need to feel that: they have been heard and their input is valued; their (information and other) needs are being met by the research project; the KT product(s) created will be useful\/helpful to them and\/or their clients.\u00a0 In this way, stakeholders have potentially tremendous influence over the PI\u2019s ability to achieve change through their research output(s). <em>Persuading<\/em> successful partnership engages stakeholders so that research can, should (and will, if possible given their organization\u2019s capabilities) be used in practice and policy.\u00a0 Often, they must surmount potential barriers such as stakeholders\u2019 experiential (and other) knowledge, values and job descriptions as well as political and financial restrictions.<br \/>\nAccording to Arnstein\u2019s ladder taking an integrated approach to KT helps to shift the power from researchers toward stakeholders, and into the \u201cpartnership\u201d stage during which <em>both stakeholders and researchers (PIs) redistribute power<\/em>.\u00a0 Stakeholders become more open to using research in practice and PIs become more able (through understanding stakeholder needs) to make the necessary adjustments to their research and KT approaches to enable uptake and implementation by these stakeholders.<br \/>\nIt is reasonable then to say that effective, integrated KT takes place at the \u201cpartnership\u201d level of Arnstein\u2019s ladder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week&rsquo;s guest post comes from the KT Core-ner, NeuroDevNet&rsquo;s KT Blog. It was first published on February 19, 2016 and is reposted here with permission.\u00a0 By: Anneliese Poetz, KT Manager, NeuroDevNet It is common for KT activities to be limited to dissemination of KT products such as research summaries, infographics or research reports\/articles. Sometimes [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/archive\/whos-got-the-power-a-critical-consideration-of-citizen-participation-in-research\/\">Lire la suite\u2026<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Who\u2019s Got the Power? A Critical Consideration of Citizen Participation in Research<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2386],"tags":[1627,1628,1550],"class_list":["post-12081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive","tag-arnstein-fr-2","tag-citizen-participation-fr-2","tag-neurodevnet-fr-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Who\u2019s Got the Power? 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