{"id":12278,"date":"2013-01-22T14:58:13","date_gmt":"2013-01-22T19:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/researchimpact.ydsinc.ca\/attribution-is-it-really-a-big-deal-lattribution-faut-il-en-faire-un-cas\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T16:41:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T21:41:00","slug":"attribution-is-it-really-a-big-deal-lattribution-faut-il-en-faire-un-cas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/archive\/attribution-is-it-really-a-big-deal-lattribution-faut-il-en-faire-un-cas\/","title":{"rendered":"Attribution \u2013 Is It Really a Big Deal? \/ L\u2019Attribution \u2013 faut-il en faire un cas?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>David Phipps, RIR-York<br \/>\n<i>Many people worry about attribution.\u00a0 How much influence did we have on an outcome? Many people except York\u2019s Knowledge Mobilization Unit, that is. This post starts some thinking that arose with the help of the Knowledge Brokers Forum\u2026 and some time by a pool.<\/i><br \/>\n<em>Nombreux sont ceux qui s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent \u00e0 propos de l\u2019attribution. Quel degr\u00e9 d\u2019influence avons-nous eu sur un r\u00e9sultat? De nombreuses personnes, mais pas au sein de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 de mobilisation des connaissances de York, cependant. Ce billet pr\u00e9sente une r\u00e9flexion qui a surgi gr\u00e2ce au Forum des courtiers de connaissances\u2026 et au temps pass\u00e9 sur le bord de la piscine.<\/em><br \/>\nAttribution [John Mayne, CDN J. Prog. Eval. (2001) 16(1): 1-24] is the degree to which research as well as other inputs informs a decision. If an impact happens a long time after the research is completed then it is harder to attribute impact to the research study. In a networked and complex environment there are multiple inputs into any decision confounding the ability to attribute impact to a particular study. This is generally agreed to be true. Or is it?<br \/>\nOn November 18, 2012, I began a discussion on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.knowledgebrokersforum.org\/\">Knowledge Brokers Forum<\/a> listserv:<br \/>\n*******************************************************<br \/>\n\u201cA colleague and I were discussing the issue of attribution in knowledge exchange and I thought I would read up a little about it. So I turn to my usual sources when I want to read someone else&rsquo;s work instead of do it myself (!):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nutley et al: Using Evidence<\/li>\n<li>Bennet &amp; Bennet: Knowledge Mobilization in the Social Sciences<\/li>\n<li>Strauss et al: Knowledge Translation in Health Care<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Attribution\u00a0\u00bb is not to be found in any index in these books.<br \/>\nA search in google or google scholar isn&rsquo;t much help because the word \u00ab\u00a0attribution\u00a0\u00bb usually comes up as part of a Creative Commons license.<br \/>\nSo I am wondering&#8230; is attribution really a big deal or do we talk about it without much of an evidence base (for more on this see my earlier blog <a href=\"http:\/\/researchimpact.wordpress.com\/2012\/02\/01\/knowledge-hypocrites-les-hypocrites-de-la-connaissance\/\">Knowledge Hypocrites<\/a>)?\u201d<br \/>\n*******************************************************<br \/>\nI received 30 comments from around the world \u2013 for detail on comments see the compilation of comments-\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/researchimpact.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/01\/attribution-kbf-responses.pdf\">Attribution: KBF Responses<\/a><br \/>\nIn York University\u2019s Knowledge Mobilization Unit we rarely see attribution as an issue. As described in a recent <a href=\"http:\/\/yorkspace.library.yorku.ca\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/10315\/17659\/InTech-Applying_social_sciences_research_for_public_benefit_using_knowledge_mobilization_and_social_media%202012%20clean.pdf?sequence=1\">book chapter<\/a> our work has helped inform the cooling policies for the City of Toronto, a new funding program for United Way of York Region, a sustainability program for rural businesses and a new way of delivering immigrant settlement services in York Region as examples. When we are able to demonstrate non-academic impact of our work it is often directly attributed to the collaboration we supported. When <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J15_lBz5mYU&amp;list=UUkz8O0mnDbgER4aZPoWAheQ&amp;index=1\">speaking of the Green Economy Centre<\/a>, Valerie Ryan, CEO of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nottawasaga.com\/\">Nottawasaga Futures,<\/a> said, \u201cWe could not have done this without the Knowledge Mobilization Unit\u201d.<br \/>\nSo what\u2019s the big deal about attribution?<br \/>\nI think the role of a particular actor in knowledge mobilization\/research utilization is important &#8211; see table below:<\/p>\n<table width=\"654\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\"><b>Actor<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\"><b>Does it matter<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\"><b>Why or Why Not?<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Academic research institution<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">No<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">In a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ref.ac.uk\/\">REF<\/a> world institutions will create good news stories about any impact, no matter how small, no matter how little research contributed to the impact.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Researchers<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">Maybe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Depends on how the researcher is being measured which might depend on if they are employed by a university or a think tank or a community based researcher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Think Tank\/NGO<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">Yes<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Think Tanks and NGOs are often funded based on ability to demonstrate impact and the attribution of their efforts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Funders<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">Maybe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Private donors want to understand what impact their funding made. Academic research funding councils are beginning to care about impact but they are concerned with narratives more than attribution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Knowledge brokers<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">No<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">If the goal is to broker successful collaborations or access to knowledge then the impact arising from those collaborations is nice but anecdotal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">End users<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">No<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">They got an impact. Attributing that to research or any other input is less relevant than the impact itself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"139\">Evaluators<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"114\">Yes<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">This is what they do. They are employed by those who care about impact and attribution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Academic institutions routinely deal with attribution in technology transfer and commercialization. When an academic institution grants a license to a patent the attribution issue is dealt with up front by agreeing on a royalty rate. The royalty rate acknowledges there will be other inputs en route to market; however, the academic institution will create a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ref.ac.uk\/\">REF<\/a> case study regardless of a small or large royalty rate.<br \/>\nBut that\u2019s not the whole story.\u00a0 A KB Forum response from Larysa Lysenko connected me to an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.psi.org.uk\/pdf\/2008\/bridgingproject_report_with_appendices.pdf\">article<\/a> from Annette Boaz and colleagues. Only a portion of the article discusses attribution and in that discussion were two little sentences:<br \/>\n\u201cThe process by which the research is done might also have an impact on policy. For example, research in collaborative projects may have an impact prior to the production of research outputs.\u201d<br \/>\nThis was my \u201cAha Moment\u201d. As described in a recent <a href=\"http:\/\/yorkspace.library.yorku.ca\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/10315\/10236\/Phipps%20SRC%20Field%20Note%202011.pdf?sequence=1\">paper<\/a>, York works almost exclusively in a co-production paradigm where the decision maker partner is an active participant in the research endeavour. The decision making process for our research partners occurs continuously during and after the collaboration. Decisions may be informed during the research process, not solely after the research is concluded.<br \/>\nThe Knowledge Brokers (No \u2013 above) in York\u2019s institutional (No \u2013 above) Knowledge Mobilization Unit promote a co-production method in which impacts may precede outputs. Attribution is therefore not a big deal for us. This certainly doesn\u2019t deny the importance of Attribution in other contexts and the role of methods such as <a href=\"http:\/\/researchimpact.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/07\/how-to-assess-the-impact-of-your-research\/\">contribution analysis<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.othree.ca\/forums\/journalclub\/productiveinteractions\">productive interactions<\/a> to address the issue. It\u2019s just not a big deal for us.<br \/>\nAnd I was sitting by a pool in Ft. Lauderdale reading Annette\u2019s paper when I had my \u201cAha Moment\u201d underscoring the need to get away and just think.<br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5709\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5709\" style=\"width: 655px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/researchimpact.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/01\/djp-in-fll-wearing-rir.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5709 \" title=\"David showing off his ResearchImpact T Shirt in Ft. Lauderdale\" alt=\"David showing off his ResearchImpact T Shirt in Ft. Lauderdale\" src=\"http:\/\/researchimpact.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/01\/djp-in-fll-wearing-rir.jpg?w=655\" width=\"655\" height=\"489\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5709\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David showing off his ResearchImpact T Shirt in Ft. Lauderdale<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>David Phipps, RIR-York Many people worry about attribution.\u00a0 How much influence did we have on an outcome? Many people except York\u2019s Knowledge Mobilization Unit, that is. This post starts some thinking that arose with the help of the Knowledge Brokers Forum\u2026 and some time by a pool. Nombreux sont ceux qui s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent \u00e0 propos de [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/archive\/attribution-is-it-really-a-big-deal-lattribution-faut-il-en-faire-un-cas\/\">Lire la suite\u2026<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Attribution \u2013 Is It Really a Big Deal? \/ L\u2019Attribution \u2013 faut-il en faire un cas?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2386],"tags":[1914,1915,1916],"class_list":["post-12278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive","tag-alex-bennet-fr-2","tag-attribution-fr-2","tag-sandra-nutley-fr-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Attribution \u2013 Is It Really a Big Deal? \/ L\u2019Attribution \u2013 faut-il en faire un cas? - Research Impact Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/researchimpact.ca\/fr\/archive\/attribution-is-it-really-a-big-deal-lattribution-faut-il-en-faire-un-cas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Attribution \u2013 Is It Really a Big Deal? \/ L\u2019Attribution \u2013 faut-il en faire un cas? - Research Impact Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"David Phipps, RIR-York Many people worry about attribution.\u00a0 How much influence did we have on an outcome? 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Many people except York\u2019s Knowledge Mobilization Unit, that is. This post starts some thinking that arose with the help of the Knowledge Brokers Forum\u2026 and some time by a pool. 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